The important thing to learn from this is that you should treat your phone like your wallet: keep as little sensitive information on it as possible, and know what sensitive information you do have! You should keep a list (on paper, filed away) of accounts that you access through your iphone, so that when your phone is stolen you have a definitive list of places to contact and take evasive action.
Ideally there would be a utility to show you all the 'secret stuff' that is stored on your keychain, but as far as I'm aware there is no such tool. If you know how to list - and export - the iOS keychain, please let me know so we can all learn better security!